{
  "reviewed": "2026-10-11",
  "scenario": "A small, active, private stock C corporation, after its first tax year, using the lowest capital/receipts/share-count tier, no taxable income or taxable alternative-minimum base, and ordinary online filings where available. It operates in the state being compared. Yearly costs include registry reports and the identified minimum state tax/license charge; multi-year charges are annualized. Variable income, receipts, sales, payroll and local taxes, agents and one-time formation costs are additional.",
  "states": [
    {
      "code": "AL",
      "incomeSummary": "Ordinary C corporations pay 6.5% of Alabama net taxable income, with a deduction for federal income tax paid or accrued. Alabama has used single-sales-factor income apportionment since tax years beginning in 2021.",
      "recurringSummary": "Business privilege tax is based on adjusted Alabama-apportioned net worth, at $0.25\u2013$1.75 per $1,000 depending on apportioned federal taxable income. For 2026, calculated tax of $100 or less is exempt and no privilege-tax return is required; ordinary C corporations otherwise have a $15,000 maximum. Activity-specific business licenses may also apply.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No unconditional dollar floor is recorded: the former minimum has an exemption when calculated privilege tax is $100 or less. Exemption eligibility depends on the company's net-worth computation; formation alone does not establish a $0 total annual obligation. Registry fees, local licenses, property, sales and payroll taxes are outside this figure.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Regular full year after formation, ordinary small domestic C corporation, no taxable profit, and adjusted/apportioned net worth low enough that privilege tax calculates to $100 or less. This is the express exemption scenario, not an assumption that all loss-making companies owe $0.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The 2026 CPT instructions use prior-year balance-sheet net worth and generally the income-tax apportionment factor. Nonresident activity can establish substantial nexus at the stated property, payroll, sales or 25% factor thresholds. Incorporating elsewhere does not remove Alabama obligations from Alabama operations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue: corporate income tax",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/tax-types/corporate-income-tax/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Alabama Department of Revenue: corporate income tax"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alabama Department of Revenue: 2026 CPT instructions and exemption",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.alabama.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/26fcptinstr.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Alabama Department of Revenue: 2026 CPT instructions and exemption"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "CT",
      "incomeSummary": "Corporation business tax uses a 7.5% net-income rate. A 10% surtax applies to companies with federal total income of at least $100 million and combined unitary filers; it does not apply to the $250 minimum. The surtax is extended through income years beginning in 2028.",
      "recurringSummary": "Liability is the larger of the income measure and the capital-base measure, with a $250 minimum. The statutory capital-base rate for an income year beginning in 2026 is 0.16%, capped at $1 million before applicable adjustments; the DRS overview still describes the 2025 rate of 0.21%.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 250,
      "floorBasis": "$250 for an ordinary nonexempt corporation with the right to carry on business in Connecticut, separate from the Secretary of State annual-report fee. REITs, regulated investment companies, financial-service companies and other exempt or special classifications need separate treatment. Capital or income may produce a higher tax.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 250,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation, regular full year after the first, no taxable profit and sufficiently low capital that the capital-base calculation does not exceed $250. No combined group or special classification is assumed.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "DRS requires returns from corporations carrying on business or having the right to do so in Connecticut. Income generally follows a Connecticut-sales fraction; capital uses an asset-based apportionment fraction, with special industry rules. An operating address in another formation state does not determine Connecticut liability.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Connecticut DRS: corporation tax applicability, income rate, minimum and surtax",
          "url": "https://portal.ct.gov/drs/corporation-tax/tax-information",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Connecticut DRS: corporation tax applicability, income rate, minimum and surtax"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut General Assembly: 2026 tax expenditure report, capital-base schedule",
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/ofa/Documents/year/TER/2026TER-20260202_%20Tax%20Expenditure%20Report%20FY%2026.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Connecticut General Assembly: 2026 tax expenditure report, capital-base schedule"
        },
        {
          "label": "Connecticut statute: section 12-219 capital-base phaseout and minimum",
          "url": "https://www.cga.ct.gov/2024/sup/chap_208.htm",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Connecticut statute: section 12-219 capital-base phaseout and minimum"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "DE",
      "incomeSummary": "Nonexempt C corporations pay 8.7% of Delaware taxable income. Merely maintaining a statutory corporate office without doing business in Delaware is an express income-tax exemption. Ordinary multistate corporations use the current statutory sales-factor apportionment, not the obsolete equally weighted three-factor description on some agency pages.",
      "recurringSummary": "Domestic stock corporations owe franchise tax: authorized-shares method minimum $175, or assumed-par-value-capital method minimum $400. The separate annual-report fee is $50. A general-services business actually operating in Delaware also needs a $75 annual business license for its first location; gross-receipts tax is 0.3983% above the applicable $100,000 monthly exclusion for that category.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 175,
      "floorBasis": "Lowest franchise tax for a nonexempt domestic stock corporation using the authorized-shares method with no more than 5,000 authorized shares. Excludes the separate $50 annual report, the $75 operating-business license, gross-receipts and income tax, other locations, late charges and registered-agent cost. A venture-style share structure may instead produce at least $400.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 250,
      "scenarioBasis": "Active domestic general-services C corporation operating at one Delaware location in a regular year, at the $175 authorized-shares franchise minimum plus the $75 annual DOR business license; no taxable profit and receipts within the category's gross-receipts exclusion. Add the separate $50 registry report only once. If comparing formation-only companies operating entirely elsewhere, use $175 instead.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Delaware Code sections 1902\u20131904 separate incorporation-only exemptions from business income sourced to Delaware and require nonexempt returns even without taxable income. Business-license and gross-receipts classifications follow actual activity. A Delaware charter does not eliminate income, franchise, sales or payroll taxes in states where the company operates.",
      "benefitTaxTreatment": "The Delaware Division of Revenue's legal-business-structures table describes a public benefit corporation as paying business income tax at the corporate rate and using the corporate authorized-share or assumed-capital fee framework; benefit status does not itself supply tax exemption.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Delaware Division of Corporations: annual report and franchise-tax methods",
          "url": "https://corp.delaware.gov/frtax/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Delaware Division of Corporations: annual report and franchise-tax methods"
        },
        {
          "label": "Delaware Code: corporate income tax, exemptions and current apportionment",
          "url": "https://www.delcode.delaware.gov/title30/c019/index.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Delaware Code: corporate income tax, exemptions and current apportionment"
        },
        {
          "label": "Delaware DOR: current business-license and gross-receipts rate schedule",
          "url": "https://revenuefiles.delaware.gov/docs/gr_rates.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Delaware DOR: current business-license and gross-receipts rate schedule"
        },
        {
          "label": "Delaware DOR: legal business structures, including public benefit corporations",
          "url": "https://revenuefiles.delaware.gov/docs/business_structures_table.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Delaware DOR: legal business structures, including public benefit corporations"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "FL",
      "incomeSummary": "Florida's corporate income/franchise tax is 5.5% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2022. The state calculates adjusted federal income, apportions and allocates it to Florida, then applies a $50,000 exemption; controlled groups share that exemption.",
      "recurringSummary": "The tax called corporate income/franchise tax is income-based; the published formula has no separate fixed-dollar annual franchise minimum. A $0 income-tax calculation does not eliminate the separate profit-corporation annual-report fee or other operating taxes. Corporations generally must file even when no income tax is due.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No fixed tax imposed solely by domestic stock-corporation status is identified in the cited corporate-tax formula. Zero is a taxable-income/exemption result, not an all-cost floor. The Secretary of State report, local licenses, property, sales and payroll taxes are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation in a regular year with no Florida net taxable income after state modifications, allocation/apportionment and its available exemption. This excludes the annual report and all non-income operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Florida's ordinary apportionment weights property 25%, payroll 25% and sales 50%, with separately allocated nonbusiness income and special rules. A corporation doing business, earning income or existing in Florida can have a filing obligation; an out-of-state charter is not an exemption.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Florida DOR: corporate income/franchise tax, rates, formula and filing",
          "url": "https://floridarevenue.com/taxes/taxesfees/Pages/corporate.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Florida DOR: corporate income/franchise tax, rates, formula and filing"
        },
        {
          "label": "Florida DOR: current F-1120 instructions, including controlled-group exemption",
          "url": "https://floridarevenue.com/Forms_library/current/f1120n.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Florida DOR: current F-1120 instructions, including controlled-group exemption"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "GA",
      "incomeSummary": "The corporate income-tax rate is 4.99% for tax years beginning in 2026, following HB 463 signed May 11, 2026. The DOR corporate overview and 2025 booklet still display 5.19%, so those older rate statements should not be used as the 2026 rate.",
      "recurringSummary": "Georgia also imposes a graduated corporate net-worth tax. Net worth of $100,000 or less is not taxed but still requires a return; higher net worth raises tax up to $5,000 above $22 million. New corporations have an initial net-worth return; annual registration and local occupation-tax obligations are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No unconditional dollar floor: the $0 net-worth result depends on the $100,000-or-less net-worth tier. Higher capital can create net-worth tax despite no profit. Excludes annual registration, local occupation taxes, property, sales and payroll taxes.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation in a regular year after its initial return, no Georgia taxable profit, and taxable net worth of $100,000 or less. A return remains required; the annual registration fee is additional.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "DOR subjects corporations owning property, doing business or receiving Georgia-source income to corporate tax. Georgia's official economic-development guidance confirms single-factor apportionment. Net-worth tax follows its own valuation/apportionment rules, so low receipts alone do not establish $0 net-worth tax.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Governor of Georgia: May 11, 2026 enactment and January 1 effective date",
          "url": "https://gov.georgia.gov/press-releases/2026-05-11/gov-kemp-signs-legislation-lowering-taxes-and-supporting-economic-growth",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Governor of Georgia: May 11, 2026 enactment and January 1 effective date"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia Department of Economic Development: 2026 corporate rate and apportionment",
          "url": "https://georgia.org/business-support/incentives",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Georgia Department of Economic Development: 2026 corporate rate and apportionment"
        },
        {
          "label": "Georgia DOR: corporate net-worth tax and initial filing",
          "url": "https://dor.georgia.gov/taxes/corporate-income-and-net-worth-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Georgia DOR: corporate net-worth tax and initial filing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "KY",
      "incomeSummary": "Kentucky corporate income tax is a flat 5% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, on Kentucky taxable net income after state modifications, apportionment and losses. Ordinary multistate businesses generally use a receipts factor; industry rules differ.",
      "recurringSummary": "The Limited Liability Entity Tax (LLET) is separate from income tax. The small-business rule leaves a $175 minimum when total gross receipts or gross profits are $3 million or less. Above the phaseout range, tax is the smaller of 0.095% of Kentucky gross receipts or 0.75% of Kentucky gross profits, never below the ordinary minimum; income tax generally credits LLET above $175.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 175,
      "floorBasis": "Ordinary nonexempt domestic corporation with limited liability: Kentucky organization creates a tax filing obligation, including a short registration year. The figure excludes the annual report and operating taxes. Statutory exempt entities, credits and special classifications need separate review.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 175,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation in a regular year, no taxable profit and total gross receipts or gross profits at or below $3 million, with no special statutory exemption or incentive credit assumed. Annual registry reporting is separate.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The DOR FAQ distinguishes domestic organization from mere name reservation and from a foreign registration with no actual Kentucky activity. Kentucky receipts determine the operating LLET base while everywhere receipts/profits control the small-business threshold; the income-tax and LLET nexus protections are not identical.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Kentucky DOR: corporation income tax and LLET rates and computation",
          "url": "https://revenue.ky.gov/Business/Corporation-Income-and-Limited-Liability-Entity-Tax/Pages/default.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Kentucky DOR: corporation income tax and LLET rates and computation"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kentucky DOR: corporation, LLC and pass-through tax FAQ",
          "url": "https://revenue.ky.gov/Business/Corporation-Income-and-Limited-Liability-Entity-Tax/Pages/Corporation-LLC-Pass-Through-Tax-FAQs.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Kentucky DOR: corporation, LLC and pass-through tax FAQ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "LA",
      "incomeSummary": "Louisiana corporation income tax is a flat 5.5% for periods beginning on or after January 1, 2025; the previous graduated brackets are repealed. State taxable income and sourcing rules still determine liability.",
      "recurringSummary": "The corporation franchise tax is repealed for franchise-tax periods beginning on or after January 1, 2026. Its former minimum and capital-based charge must not be carried into a 2026-period comparison. Earlier-period tax obligations and the separate corporate annual report remain.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No post-repeal fixed corporation franchise-tax floor is identified for a period beginning in 2026. The absence of that franchise tax does not establish $0 income or operating taxes. Annual registry fees, prior periods, property, sales and payroll taxes are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary small active domestic C corporation, regular taxable period beginning in 2026, no Louisiana taxable profit after state adjustments. The repealed franchise charge contributes $0; annual-report fees and other operating taxes remain outside the figure.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "LDR ties corporation-income filing to corporate tax classification and Louisiana-source income. Louisiana statute section 47:287.95 supplies allocation/apportionment and activity-specific sourcing rules. State incorporation and an out-of-state charter do not substitute for analyzing the actual Louisiana business and income.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Louisiana DOR: current corporation tax guidance, updated July 7, 2026",
          "url": "https://revenue.louisiana.gov/businesses/widely-used-tax-types/corporate-income-franchise-tax/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Louisiana DOR: current corporation tax guidance, updated July 7, 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana DOR: franchise tax repeal effective January 1, 2026",
          "url": "https://revenue.louisiana.gov/tax-education-and-faqs/faqs/income-tax-reform/is-the-corporation-franchise-tax-repealed/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Louisiana DOR: franchise tax repeal effective January 1, 2026"
        },
        {
          "label": "Louisiana Legislature: corporate-income allocation and apportionment",
          "url": "https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=101753",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Louisiana Legislature: corporate-income allocation and apportionment"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "MA",
      "incomeSummary": "An ordinary Massachusetts C corporation's corporate excise includes an 8% income measure plus a non-income measure of $2.60 per $1,000 of taxable Massachusetts tangible property or apportioned net worth. The total is subject to a $456 minimum; financial, security and other special corporations use different regimes.",
      "recurringSummary": "The ordinary business-corporation minimum excise is $456, including a loss or small income result; the property/net-worth component can increase the excise without profit. This is separate from the Secretary of the Commonwealth annual-report fee.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 456,
      "floorBasis": "Minimum for an ordinary nonexempt business corporation subject to Massachusetts excise, including domestic corporate status. No property or income assumption can reduce the ordinary minimum. Excludes registry reporting, special entities, property assessments, sales and payroll taxes and penalties.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 456,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation, regular full year, no taxable profit and a property/net-worth measure low enough that combined excise stays at the $456 minimum. Annual registry reporting is separate.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The official FY27 tax-expenditure introduction describes apportioned Massachusetts income and allocable tangible property/net worth. Both corporate-excise measures require their own calculations; forming elsewhere does not remove excise nexus from Massachusetts operations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts DOR: current tax rates",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/tax-rates",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Massachusetts DOR: current tax rates"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts Governor FY27 budget: corporate-excise components and minimum",
          "url": "https://budget.digital.mass.gov/govbudget/fy27/tax-expenditure-budget/corporate-excise-tax/introduction",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Massachusetts Governor FY27 budget: corporate-excise components and minimum"
        },
        {
          "label": "Massachusetts DOR: corporate excise guide",
          "url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/corporate-excise-tax-guide",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Massachusetts DOR: corporate excise guide"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "MD",
      "incomeSummary": "Maryland corporation income tax is 8.25% of Maryland taxable income, beginning with federal taxable income and state modifications. Ordinary multistate corporations generally use single-sales-factor apportionment for tax years after 2021; specified industries and approved alternative methods differ.",
      "recurringSummary": "The ordinary corporate-income formula has no fixed-dollar income-tax minimum. The separate SDAT annual-report charge, potential MarylandSaves waiver and taxable business personal property remain outside that income-tax calculation.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No unconditional domestic-corporation tax floor is identified in the cited income-tax formula. A $0 calculation requires no Maryland taxable income and does not waive the domestic filing obligation, annual-report fee or property assessments.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation in a regular year with no Maryland taxable income after state modifications and apportionment. Form 500 remains required. SDAT annual-report and personal-property costs are excluded and must be evaluated separately.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Comptroller guidance requires every Maryland corporation to file even when inactive or without taxable income, and other subject corporations with Maryland-source income or loss also file. Administrative Release 43 supplies current apportionment rules; the general overview's older three-factor wording should not override those rules.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Maryland Comptroller: corporate-income rate and domestic filing requirement",
          "url": "https://services.marylandcomptroller.gov/taxes/en/business-income-tax-information?id=kb_article_view&sysparm_article=KB0010043",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Maryland Comptroller: corporate-income rate and domestic filing requirement"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland Comptroller: Administrative Release 43 corporate apportionment",
          "url": "https://www.marylandcomptroller.gov/content/dam/mdcomp/tax/legal-publications/administrative-releases/income-and-estate-tax/ar_it43.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Maryland Comptroller: Administrative Release 43 corporate apportionment"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maryland Comptroller: 2026 corporation estimated-tax worksheet",
          "url": "https://www.marylandcomptroller.gov/content/dam/mdcomp/tax/forms/2026/500d.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Maryland Comptroller: 2026 corporation estimated-tax worksheet"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "ME",
      "incomeSummary": "Maine's graduated corporate rates are 3.5% through $350,000 of adjusted federal taxable income, 7.93% on the next amount through $1.05 million, 8.33% through $3.5 million, and 8.93% above $3.5 million. These are marginal brackets, with multistate apportionment; special financial and insurance regimes differ.",
      "recurringSummary": "The ordinary corporation-income rate schedule has no fixed-dollar minimum. Maine's franchise tax applies to qualifying financial institutions, not the ordinary civic-technology C corporation. The domestic annual report remains a separate registry charge.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No fixed recurring tax from mere ordinary domestic stock-corporation status is identified. Zero depends on the taxable-income calculation and is not a zero annual-cost claim; registry fees and property, sales, service-provider and payroll taxes are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation in a regular year with no Maine corporate taxable income after state modifications and apportionment. Excludes the domestic annual report and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "MRS's April 2026 FAQ says Maine organization or commercial domicile creates nexus. Foreign corporations can exceed $250,000 property, $250,000 payroll, $500,000 Maine sales or a 25% factor threshold, subject to applicable protections. Filing depends on nexus, Maine income and federal corporate-income classification.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Maine Revenue Services: rates, nexus and filing FAQ, including April 2026 updates",
          "url": "https://www1.maine.gov/revenue/faq/corporate-income-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Maine Revenue Services: rates, nexus and filing FAQ, including April 2026 updates"
        },
        {
          "label": "Maine statute: corporate-income rate formula, section 5200",
          "url": "https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/36/title36sec5200.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Maine statute: corporate-income rate formula, section 5200"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "MS",
      "incomeSummary": "Mississippi corporate income tax is 0% on the first $5,000 of taxable income, 4% on the next $5,000, and 5% above $10,000. There is no minimum corporate income tax; the state's corporate franchise minimum is separate.",
      "recurringSummary": "For a tax year beginning in 2026, franchise tax is $0.50 per $1,000 or fraction on the applicable capital/property base, with the stated $100,000 capital exclusion and a $25 minimum. It falls to $0.25 per $1,000 for 2027 and is scheduled for repeal in 2028. Domestic or qualified inactive corporations still file.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 25,
      "floorBasis": "2026 $25 franchise minimum for an ordinary nonexempt incorporated/domesticated corporation, payable annually while it remains incorporated or doing business. Income tax has no minimum. Excludes annual registry costs and other operating taxes; capital/property can make franchise tax higher.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 25,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation in a regular 2026 tax year, no taxable profit and a capital/property computation at or below the $25 franchise minimum. Annual registry reporting is separate.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "DOR requires corporations doing business, earning income or existing in Mississippi to file, including inactive domestic or qualified corporations. Capital employed and assessed Mississippi property can produce franchise tax without profit; the franchise base is not simply the income-tax base.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Mississippi DOR: corporate income/franchise FAQ, 2026 rate and inactive filing",
          "url": "https://dor.ms.gov/business/business-tax-frequently-asked-questions",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Mississippi DOR: corporate income/franchise FAQ, 2026 rate and inactive filing"
        },
        {
          "label": "Mississippi DOR: corporation-income and franchise-tax statutes and resources",
          "url": "https://www.dor.ms.gov/business/corporate-income-and-franchise-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Mississippi DOR: corporation-income and franchise-tax statutes and resources"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NC",
      "incomeSummary": "North Carolina corporate income tax is 2% for tax years beginning in 2026, on North Carolina net taxable income. The official rate page distinguishes 2025's 2.25% and prior years; the income rate should not be mistaken for the total corporate tax burden.",
      "recurringSummary": "An ordinary C corporation also pays franchise tax of $1.50 per $1,000 of the tax base, subject to a $500 maximum on the first $1 million and an overall $200 minimum under the current rule. S corporations have a different $200-first-$1-million formula. Annual reports are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 200,
      "floorBasis": "$200 ordinary nonexempt corporation franchise minimum for the privilege of doing business and continuing domestic articles, separate from the annual-report fee. Net worth and income can increase liability; holding-company and exempt-entity rules differ.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 200,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation in a regular year, no taxable profit and sufficiently low franchise net-worth base that the calculation remains $200. Registry reporting and other taxes are excluded.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "G.S. 105-122 uses book net worth with statutory adjustments, not simply taxable profits. The revenue agency taxes corporations chartered or doing business in North Carolina; income and franchise allocation/apportionment rules and nexus must be examined for actual North Carolina activity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "North Carolina DOR: current income and franchise tax rates",
          "url": "https://www.ncdor.gov/taxes-forms/corporate-income-franchise-tax/corporate-income-and-franchise-tax-rates",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "North Carolina DOR: current income and franchise tax rates"
        },
        {
          "label": "North Carolina statute: section 105-122 franchise tax",
          "url": "https://ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/HTML/ByChapter/Chapter_105.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "North Carolina statute: section 105-122 franchise tax"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NH",
      "incomeSummary": "New Hampshire Business Profits Tax (BPT) is 7.5% for taxable periods ending on or after December 31, 2023. For periods beginning in 2025\u20132026, filing is required above $109,000 of gross business income from all activities. Income is generally apportioned by single sales factor, and unitary businesses use combined reporting.",
      "recurringSummary": "Business Enterprise Tax (BET) is separately 0.55% of the taxable enterprise-value base, generally compensation, interest and dividends. For periods beginning in 2025\u20132026, the filing threshold is over $298,000 of gross receipts or enterprise-value base. BET can apply without profit and may credit BPT. No single fixed annual business-tax minimum is stated.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No fixed tax arises solely from domestic corporate status in the cited business-tax guidance. A $0 result depends on filing thresholds and taxable bases, including compensation; the annual corporate report and benefit-report fees are separate.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation in a regular 2026 period, no taxable profit, gross business income no more than $109,000, and both gross receipts and enterprise-value base no more than $298,000. Merely having no profit is insufficient to exclude BET.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "DRA taxes gain-or-profit organizations carrying on New Hampshire business activity, not just incorporated entities. Filing thresholds use everywhere activity while tax bases are apportioned to the state. Cross-state operations, unitary membership and payroll/dividend/interest payments must be tested separately.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "New Hampshire DRA: BPT/BET rates, 2025 onward filing thresholds and bases",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.nh.gov/taxes-glance/business-taxes",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Hampshire DRA: BPT/BET rates, 2025 onward filing thresholds and bases"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Hampshire DRA: business-profits-tax FAQ and apportionment",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.nh.gov/resource-center/frequently-asked-questions/business-profits-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Hampshire DRA: business-profits-tax FAQ and apportionment"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Hampshire DRA: 2026 filing guidance confirming current thresholds",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.nh.gov/news-and-media/nh-department-revenue-administration-shares-2026-tax-tips-and-filing-guidance",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Hampshire DRA: 2026 filing guidance confirming current thresholds"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NJ",
      "incomeSummary": "For ordinary separate C-corporation filers, Corporation Business Tax is 6.5% when the applicable taxable-income base is $50,000 or less, 7.5% above $50,000 through $100,000, and 9% above $100,000. Each selected rate applies to the full base. A separate 2.5% Corporate Transit Fee applies when taxable net income exceeds $10 million for privilege periods beginning in 2024\u20132028; exemptions and group rules differ.",
      "recurringSummary": "The annual C-corporation minimum is $500 with New Jersey gross receipts below $100,000, then $750/$1,000/$1,500/$2,000 at higher tiers. An affiliated/controlled group's payroll of at least $5 million can require $2,000 per member. Inactive corporations still pay the minimum; the minimum cannot be prorated. Annual registry reporting is additional.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 500,
      "floorBasis": "Lowest ordinary separate domestic C-corporation minimum with New Jersey gross receipts under $100,000 and without the high-payroll affiliated/controlled-group rule. It applies even without activity. Excludes the annual report, higher receipts, S-corporation classification, incentive credits, professional fees and tax prepayments.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 500,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic separate C corporation in a regular year, New Jersey gross receipts under $100,000, no taxable profit and no affiliated/controlled group with $5 million payroll. The additional installment on a low-tax return is a prepayment against the following period, not a second annual tax.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The current CBT-100 instructions cover domestic and qualified foreign corporations and other nexus connections. Bright-line receipts nexus can arise above $100,000 New Jersey receipts or at least 200 customer transactions; taxpayers claiming P.L. 86-272 immunity still remit the minimum. Combined reporting and market sourcing can change the calculation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "New Jersey Division of Taxation: current 2025 CBT-100 instructions",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/treasury/taxation/pdf/current/cbt/cbt100ins.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Jersey Division of Taxation: current 2025 CBT-100 instructions"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Jersey Division of Taxation: corporation filing responsibilities and minimum schedule",
          "url": "https://www.nj.gov/treasury/taxation/ot4.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Jersey Division of Taxation: corporation filing responsibilities and minimum schedule"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Jersey Division of Taxation: Corporate Transit Fee",
          "url": "https://nj.gov/www.nj.gov/treasury/taxation/cbt/corporatetransitfee.shtml",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Jersey Division of Taxation: Corporate Transit Fee"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NY",
      "incomeSummary": "New York Article 9-A general C corporations pay 6.5% of the business-income base, or 7.25% on the entire base when it exceeds $5 million; the higher rate covers 2026. Qualified manufacturers and emerging-technology companies have special rates. Tax is the highest of business income, business capital or fixed-dollar minimum, plus any applicable MTA surcharge.",
      "recurringSummary": "The general fixed-dollar minimum is $25 when New York receipts are no more than $100,000, rising by receipts tiers to $200,000. The general capital-base rate is 0.1875% for 2026, capped at $5 million; qualified small businesses and other specified classes are exempt from that base. A qualifying final-return/inactive domestic corporation can stop the minimum in later years.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "The ordinary lowest active Article 9-A minimum is $25, but domestic status alone is not an unconditional floor because the official final-tax-year exemption can remove subsequent fixed-dollar minima. Excludes biennial registry fees, MTA surcharge, NYC taxes, higher income/capital and special QETC/manufacturer rules.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 25,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation in a regular year, New York receipts no more than $100,000, no taxable profit, qualifies for the small-business capital-base exemption or has capital tax no greater than $25, and operates outside the MCTD and New York City. Special emerging-technology status is not assumed.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Article 9-A covers New York incorporation and specified business, capital, property, office or receipt activity of foreign corporations. The MCTD imposes an additional surcharge in listed counties; NYC has separate business taxes. Customer-market sourcing and combined returns mean a charter outside New York is not a tax escape.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "New York Tax Department: Article 9-A applicability and three tax bases",
          "url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/bus/ct/article9a.htm",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New York Tax Department: Article 9-A applicability and three tax bases"
        },
        {
          "label": "New York Tax Department: general rates, minimum tiers and MTA district",
          "url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/bus/ct/def_art9a.htm",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New York Tax Department: general rates, minimum tiers and MTA district"
        },
        {
          "label": "New York Tax Department: rates extended through tax years before 2027",
          "url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/legal/2023/pit-corp-changes.htm",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New York Tax Department: rates extended through tax years before 2027"
        },
        {
          "label": "New York Tax Department: adopted corporate regulations, domestic final-year exemption",
          "url": "https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/rulemaking/dec1123/corpreform/text.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New York Tax Department: adopted corporate regulations, domestic final-year exemption"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "PA",
      "incomeSummary": "Pennsylvania Corporate Net Income Tax is 7.49% for tax years beginning in 2026, on modified federal taxable income. The statutory schedule is 7.99% for 2025 and 6.99% for 2027; it is not a marginal bracket schedule.",
      "recurringSummary": "Capital-stock and foreign-franchise tax ended for tax years beginning in 2016 or later. The ordinary corporate-net-income formula has no fixed-dollar minimum. Annual corporate reporting and any required benefit report remain separate fees; sector-specific gross-receipts and insurance/bank taxes differ.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No surviving ordinary capital-stock/franchise floor is identified after the 2016 elimination. A $0 net-income result requires no Pennsylvania taxable income and does not eliminate registry reports, local business taxes or other operating taxes.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation in a regular 2026 tax year with no Pennsylvania taxable profit after state modifications and apportionment. Excludes annual corporate/benefit reporting and local or sector-specific taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The revenue agency lists doing business, activities, property/capital use and substantial nexus as triggers for domestic and foreign corporations. Ordinary multistate income is generally apportioned by sales. Pennsylvania formation does not determine which state taxes the business's customers, employees or property.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Pennsylvania DOR: corporate net income tax and 2026 rate schedule",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/revenue/resources/tax-types-and-information/corporation-taxes/corporate-net-income-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Pennsylvania DOR: corporate net income tax and 2026 rate schedule"
        },
        {
          "label": "Pennsylvania DOR: capital-stock/foreign-franchise tax elimination",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/revenue/resources/tax-types-and-information/corporation-taxes/capital-stock-and-foreign-franchise-taxes",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Pennsylvania DOR: capital-stock/foreign-franchise tax elimination"
        },
        {
          "label": "Pennsylvania 2026\u20132027 budget: income-tax base and single-sales-factor rule",
          "url": "https://www.pa.gov/content/dam/copapwp-pagov/en/budget/documents/publications-and-reports/commonwealthbudget/2026-27-budget-documents/2026-27%20budget%20document.web.v.3.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Pennsylvania 2026\u20132027 budget: income-tax base and single-sales-factor rule"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "RI",
      "incomeSummary": "Rhode Island ordinary C-corporation tax is 7% of state-apportioned net income or $400, whichever is greater. Federal taxable income is modified for state rules; single-sales-factor market sourcing and combined reporting apply to C corporations.",
      "recurringSummary": "The corporate minimum is $400 annually. The Secretary of State says registered for-profit corporations, LLCs and limited partnerships must pay at least that minimum; S corporations and many pass-through entities also have minimum/annual-charge obligations under their own rules. Registry reports remain separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 400,
      "floorBasis": "Ordinary registered for-profit domestic corporation minimum, excluding the annual-report fee, special exempt/industry entities, income above the minimum, property, sales and payroll taxes. The comparison does not assume a nonprofit exemption from benefit-corporation status.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 400,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation in a regular full year with no taxable profit and no special exemption. The separate annual registry report is additional.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The tax agency applies single-sales-factor market sourcing to C corporations and uses combined reporting with the Finnegan method. Foreign corporations' Rhode Island activity can create tax obligations; state formation alone does not locate all business income in one jurisdiction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island Division of Taxation: corporate rate and minimum",
          "url": "https://tax.ri.gov/resources/businesses/corporate",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Rhode Island Division of Taxation: corporate rate and minimum"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island Division of Taxation: corporate sourcing and combined reporting",
          "url": "https://tax.ri.gov/tax-sections/corporate-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Rhode Island Division of Taxation: corporate sourcing and combined reporting"
        },
        {
          "label": "Rhode Island Secretary of State: registered for-profit minimum tax",
          "url": "https://www.sos.ri.gov/divisions/business-services/foreign-business/business-basics/costs-and-fees",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Rhode Island Secretary of State: registered for-profit minimum tax"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "SC",
      "incomeSummary": "South Carolina C-corporation income tax is 5% of South Carolina taxable income, beginning with federal taxable income, state modifications and applicable allocation/apportionment. Special banks, savings institutions and other classifications have different rates.",
      "recurringSummary": "Ordinary corporations owe an annual license fee of $15 plus 0.1% of capital and paid-in surplus, with a $25 minimum. The license fee is paid with the income return and covers the following year. A separate $25 initial CL-1 license fee is due on incorporation/qualification; dormant corporations still owe the annual minimum.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 25,
      "floorBasis": "Ordinary domestic C-corporation $25 annual license minimum from charter until voluntary dissolution, even if dormant. Excludes benefit-report registry fees, initial CL-1 charge, higher capital, final-return/proration effects, special entities and other taxes.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 25,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation in a regular full year after formation, no taxable profit and capital/paid-in-surplus license computation no greater than $25. Do not add the one-time initial CL-1 fee again; annual benefit-report fees are separate.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "SCDOR requires filing from charter/authority through recorded dissolution/withdrawal, even without income. Multistate corporations calculate their own apportionment for both taxable income and the license fee; short-period and final-return rules change timing rather than establish a general $0 annual tax.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "South Carolina DOR: C-corporation income rate and annual license formula",
          "url": "https://www.dor.sc.gov/business-income-taxes/corporate/c-corporation",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "South Carolina DOR: C-corporation income rate and annual license formula"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Carolina DOR: initial, dormant, apportionment and final-return FAQ",
          "url": "https://dor.sc.gov/business-income-taxes/corporate/corporate-faqs",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "South Carolina DOR: initial, dormant, apportionment and final-return FAQ"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "VA",
      "incomeSummary": "Virginia corporation income tax is 6% of Virginia taxable income. Multistate corporations allocate/apportion using Virginia Schedule A. Federally elected S corporations generally use Virginia's pass-through regime instead of this ordinary C-corporation calculation.",
      "recurringSummary": "There is no fixed-dollar minimum in the ordinary corporate-income formula. The SCC annual stock-corporation registration fee is separate and starts at $100 for 1\u20135,000 authorized shares, increasing with shares. Local business-license taxes and property, sales and payroll taxes may also apply.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No fixed income/franchise-tax floor identified solely from ordinary domestic status; $0 income tax requires no Virginia taxable income. The SCC share-based registration fee is already a registry charge and must not be counted twice as tax.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation in a regular full year with no Virginia taxable profit after modifications and apportionment. The SCC annual registration fee and local operating taxes remain separate.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Virginia Tax requires domestic and SCC-registered corporations to file annually even with no income; other foreign corporations file when they have Virginia-source income. Schedule A and applicable nexus/P.L. 86-272 rulings determine multistate liability, not the incorporation address alone.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Virginia Tax: corporation rate, annual filing and multistate rules",
          "url": "https://www.tax.virginia.gov/corporation-income-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Virginia Tax: corporation rate, annual filing and multistate rules"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia statute: section 58.1-400 income-based corporate tax formula",
          "url": "https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title58.1/chapter3/section58.1-400/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Virginia statute: section 58.1-400 income-based corporate tax formula"
        },
        {
          "label": "Virginia SCC: annual stock-corporation share-based registration fee",
          "url": "https://www.scc.virginia.gov/media/sccvirginiagov-home/business-home/business-faqs/annual-registration-fees/an_fee.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Virginia SCC: annual stock-corporation share-based registration fee"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "VT",
      "incomeSummary": "Vermont corporate income tax uses marginal rates of 6% through $10,000 of Vermont taxable income, 7% above $10,000 through $25,000, and 8.5% above $25,000, subject to an active-corporation minimum determined by Vermont gross receipts.",
      "recurringSummary": "For an ordinary active C corporation, the lowest annual minimum is $100 in the lowest Vermont-receipts tier; higher tiers are $500, $2,000, $6,000 and $100,000. An inactive return with no activity or tax liability can have no tax due. Small farm corporations have a separate $75 exception, and pass-through entities follow a different regime.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "The $100 minimum is an active-C-corporation rule rather than an unconditional tax on mere domestic status; the department expressly allows a no-tax inactive return. Excludes registry/benefit reporting, higher receipts, special farm/pass-through rules and other operating taxes.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 100,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation in a regular full year, Vermont gross receipts below $500,000, no taxable profit and no small-farm or other special classification. Annual registry and benefit-report fees are separate.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The department requires returns for Vermont incorporation, income allocated/apportioned to Vermont or an open corporate account. Services and intangible sales follow Vermont-market sourcing under the documented 2019 change. An inactive filing exception must not be used for an active operating-company comparison.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Vermont Department of Taxes: corporate rates, receipt minima and inactive returns",
          "url": "https://tax.vermont.gov/business/corporate-income-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Vermont Department of Taxes: corporate rates, receipt minima and inactive returns"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont statute: section 5832 corporate rates and current minimum tiers",
          "url": "https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/32/151/05832",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Vermont statute: section 5832 corporate rates and current minimum tiers"
        },
        {
          "label": "Vermont Department of Taxes: market-sourcing legislative changes",
          "url": "https://tax.vermont.gov/research-and-reports/legislative-updates/2019",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Vermont Department of Taxes: market-sourcing legislative changes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "WV",
      "incomeSummary": "West Virginia corporation net income tax is 6.5% of West Virginia taxable income for ordinary subject corporations. Since tax year 2022, the state uses single-sales-factor apportionment and market sourcing for services and certain intangible property.",
      "recurringSummary": "The former Business Franchise Tax ceased after December 31, 2014. No former franchise minimum should be added to current annual registry reporting. Corporate income, sector-specific business taxes and property, sales and payroll taxes remain separate obligations.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No current ordinary fixed corporation franchise-tax floor is identified after its 2015 elimination. Zero income tax requires no West Virginia taxable income, not merely no profit on an unadjusted federal return. Registry reporting and operating taxes are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation in a regular full year with no West Virginia taxable profit after state modifications and apportionment. The separate annual-report fee and any other operating taxes remain additional.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The Tax Division treats domestic and foreign corporations engaged in business/deriving state income as subject. Its current sourcing page places services in the numerator when delivered to West Virginia customers and licensed intangibles when used in the state. Incorporation elsewhere does not remove those customer-market connections.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "West Virginia Tax Division: corporation-income tax and franchise-tax history",
          "url": "https://tax.wv.gov/ResearchAndGovernment/Research/TaxExpenditureStudy/CorporationTax/Pages/CorporationTax.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "West Virginia Tax Division: corporation-income tax and franchise-tax history"
        },
        {
          "label": "West Virginia economic-development agency: 6.5% rate and franchise repeal",
          "url": "https://westvirginia.gov/advantage-west-virginia/pro-business-climate/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "West Virginia economic-development agency: 6.5% rate and franchise repeal"
        },
        {
          "label": "West Virginia Tax Division: current single-sales-factor and market sourcing",
          "url": "https://tax.wv.gov/Business/CorporateIncomeTax/Pages/CorporateIncomeTax.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "West Virginia Tax Division: current single-sales-factor and market sourcing"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "AR",
      "incomeSummary": "For tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2024, ordinary C-corporation income tax has marginal rates of 1% on the first $3,000, 2% on the next $3,000, 3% on the next $5,000, and 4.3% above $11,000 of Arkansas taxable income. The official table gives $240 plus 4.3% of income above $11,000.",
      "recurringSummary": "The annual stock-corporation franchise tax is 0.3% of issued and outstanding capital stock attributed to Arkansas using the property ratio, with a $150 minimum. No-par shares are assigned $25 per share for this calculation. All registered for-profit corporations owe the tax; it continues until dissolution, withdrawal, or merger, including while revoked. The $300 nonstock-corporation rule is outside this stock-corporation scope.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 150,
      "floorBasis": "$150 annual franchise tax for a nonexempt domestic for-profit stock corporation in a regular year. This is tax only; registry/report fees, benefit-report fees, processing charges, penalties, and income or operating taxes are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 150,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic stock C corporation operating in Arkansas, no Arkansas taxable profit, and Arkansas-attributed capital stock of $50,000 or less: the $150 franchise minimum applies. Tax only, excluding report and local/industry fees.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Incorporation does not substitute for measuring taxable income and multistate activity. Arkansas generally uses single-sales-factor apportionment. Act 719 changes services/intangibles to market sourcing and adds a $250,000 receipts economic-nexus threshold for nonresident corporations without physical presence for tax years beginning in 2026. Sales/use, employment, property, and other states' nexus obligations are separate.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Arkansas DFA: 2025 C Corporation Income Tax Instructions, 2024-forward rates and 2026 sourcing/nexus changes",
          "url": "https://www.dfa.arkansas.gov/wp-content/uploads/CorporationIncomeTaxInstructions_2025.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Arkansas DFA: 2025 C Corporation Income Tax Instructions, 2024-forward rates and 2026 sourcing/nexus changes"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas Secretary of State: 2026 stock-corporation franchise report and calculation",
          "url": "https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/uploads/bcs/Corp1_FT_2026.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Arkansas Secretary of State: 2026 stock-corporation franchise report and calculation"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arkansas Secretary of State: annual franchise tax applicability and current forms",
          "url": "https://www.sos.arkansas.gov/business-commercial-services-bcs/franchise-tax-report-forms/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Arkansas Secretary of State: annual franchise tax applicability and current forms"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "IA",
      "incomeSummary": "For tax years beginning in 2026, ordinary corporate income tax is 5.5% on the first $100,000 of Iowa taxable income and 7.1% on income above $100,000. The Revenue Department certified that the revenue trigger did not lower the rates for 2026; its October 5, 2026 announcement also keeps these rates for 2027.",
      "recurringSummary": "No general fixed corporate franchise or capital-tax minimum for an ordinary civic/technology stock C corporation. Iowa's separately named franchise tax applies to enumerated financial institutions, not ordinary corporations; its 2026 rate is 3.8%. The former ordinary corporate alternative minimum tax ended for tax years beginning in 2021. Secretary of State report fees are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive tax is imposed solely by ordinary domestic stock-corporation status in the cited corporate regime. Income-based liability is not a fixed charter charge; financial-institution taxation and report fees are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation operating in Iowa with no Iowa taxable income after state adjustments: $0 ordinary income tax and no separate general franchise/capital minimum. This does not include registry fees or other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Iowa taxes corporate net income from doing business or receiving income from property in Iowa. Nexus, state modifications, apportionment, losses, and credits determine liability; a zero-profit assumption means zero Iowa taxable income after those adjustments. Forming in another state does not eliminate Iowa tax on Iowa activity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Iowa Revenue: certified tax-year 2026 corporate rates",
          "url": "https://revenue.iowa.gov/news/2025-10-21/idr-issues-order-related-tax-year-2026-corporate-income-tax-rates",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Iowa Revenue: certified tax-year 2026 corporate rates"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Revenue: tax descriptions, corporate rates, AMT end date, and financial-institution franchise scope",
          "url": "https://revenue.iowa.gov/taxes/tax-guidance/general/iowa-taxfee-descriptions-and-rates",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Iowa Revenue: tax descriptions, corporate rates, AMT end date, and financial-institution franchise scope"
        },
        {
          "label": "Iowa Revenue: October 2026 certification announcement for tax-year 2027",
          "url": "https://revenue.iowa.gov/news/2026-10-05/idr-issues-order-related-tax-year-2027-corporate-income-tax-rates",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Iowa Revenue: October 2026 certification announcement for tax-year 2027"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "IL",
      "incomeSummary": "An ordinary C corporation pays 7% Illinois income tax plus 2.5% personal property replacement tax on Illinois net income, a combined nominal 9.5%. Both are income-based; the capital-based franchise exemption does not exempt corporate income.",
      "recurringSummary": "Annual franchise tax is generally 0.1% of Illinois-allocated paid-in capital, with a $25 calculated minimum before the exemption. The first $10,000 of franchise-tax liability is exempt for filing periods January 1, 2025 and later, so a small corporation can owe $0 franchise tax. Paid-in-capital changes can trigger separate additional franchise calculations. The $75 annual report fee is separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive annual franchise-tax floor survives the $10,000 liability exemption for a small domestic stock corporation; actual tax depends on paid-in capital and allocation. This excludes the annual report fee, initial formation charges, and income/replacement tax.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic C corporation with no Illinois net taxable income and allocated paid-in capital at or below $10 million: annual franchise liability is within the $10,000 exemption and income/replacement tax is $0. Excludes report fees and capital-change transactions.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Illinois income/replacement tax uses federal taxable income with state modifications and applicable allocation/apportionment. Qualification can require an IL-1120 filing even without income. Capital allocation for Secretary of State franchise tax uses a different property/business formula and must be calculated separately.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Illinois Revenue: C-corporation income and replacement tax rates",
          "url": "https://tax.illinois.gov/questionsandanswers/answer.83.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Illinois Revenue: C-corporation income and replacement tax rates"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Secretary of State: domestic annual report franchise calculation and 2025-forward exemption",
          "url": "https://www.ilsos.gov/content/dam/publications/pdf_publications/c289.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Illinois Secretary of State: domestic annual report franchise calculation and 2025-forward exemption"
        },
        {
          "label": "Illinois Revenue: corporate base-income and filing requirements",
          "url": "https://tax.illinois.gov/research/taxinformation/income/corporate.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Illinois Revenue: corporate base-income and filing requirements"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "IN",
      "incomeSummary": "Ordinary Indiana C-corporation adjusted gross income tax is a flat 4.9% of Indiana taxable adjusted gross income. The 4.9% rate has applied since July 1, 2021 and remains the current general-corporation rate.",
      "recurringSummary": "The ordinary civic/technology corporation is subject to income-based adjusted gross income tax, with no separate general fixed franchise or capital-tax minimum in this regime. Indiana's financial-institutions franchise tax is a separate rule for financial institutions and corporate entities deriving 80% of gross income from covered financial activities. Business entity report fees are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive general tax floor solely for an ordinary domestic stock C corporation. The 4.9% income computation can be zero; industry-specific financial-institution taxation and registry/report fees are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation operating in Indiana with no Indiana adjusted gross income subject to tax after state adjustments: $0 ordinary corporate tax and no separate general franchise/capital minimum. Excludes report and operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Doing business in Indiana can create income-tax liability regardless of charter state. Indiana generally apportions multistate corporate business income using a single receipts factor; services and most intangibles use Indiana market sourcing. State adjustments and federal statutory protection can change the result, and filing duties are separate from tax payable.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Indiana Revenue: corporate income tax overview, financial-institution scope, and apportionment",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/dor/files/reference/ib12.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Indiana Revenue: corporate income tax overview, financial-institution scope, and apportionment"
        },
        {
          "label": "Indiana Revenue: current and historical general-corporation rates",
          "url": "https://www.in.gov/dor/resources/tax-rates-and-reports/rates-fees-and-penalties/corporate-sales-tax-history/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Indiana Revenue: current and historical general-corporation rates"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "KS",
      "incomeSummary": "Kansas ordinary corporate income tax is 3.5% of Kansas taxable income plus a 3% surtax on the portion above $50,000, producing a 6.5% marginal rate above that threshold. This 3.5% normal rate applies from tax year 2024 onward.",
      "recurringSummary": "Kansas franchise tax was eliminated for tax year 2011 and later. The ordinary corporation has no surviving general fixed franchise/capital minimum; corporate income tax remains a separate calculation. Secretary of State information-report charges are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive annual franchise-tax floor for an ordinary domestic stock corporation because the franchise tax ended; income tax and registry/report fees are outside a fixed charter-only floor.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation operating in Kansas with no Kansas taxable income after adjustments and apportionment: $0 ordinary income tax and no franchise minimum. Excludes information-report fees and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Corporations doing business in Kansas or deriving Kansas-source income must generally file even when no tax is due. Allocation, apportionment, unitary-group rules, federal P.L. 86-272 protection, and credits determine actual income-tax liability; chartering elsewhere does not remove Kansas-source taxation.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Kansas Revenue: 2025 corporate tax booklet, filing scope and normal/surtax calculation",
          "url": "https://www.ksrevenue.gov/corpbook25.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Kansas Revenue: 2025 corporate tax booklet, filing scope and normal/surtax calculation"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kansas Revenue: franchise tax ended for 2011 and later",
          "url": "https://ksrevenue.gov/bustaxtypesfranchise.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Kansas Revenue: franchise tax ended for 2011 and later"
        },
        {
          "label": "Kansas Revenue: enacted 2024 corporate normal rate",
          "url": "https://ksrevenue.gov/pdf/LegislativeChanges.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Kansas Revenue: enacted 2024 corporate normal rate"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "MI",
      "incomeSummary": "Michigan's standard Corporate Income Tax is 6% of the corporate income tax base after allocation/apportionment. For ordinary taxpayers, apportioned/allocated gross receipts below $350,000 or tax liability of $100 or less remove the CIT return/payment requirement. The $100 amount is a liability threshold, not an annual minimum tax.",
      "recurringSummary": "No general fixed franchise/capital minimum for an ordinary standard CIT civic/technology corporation. Financial institutions and insurers have separate industry regimes; a financial-institution franchise tax is not a general incorporation charge. Corporate annual report fees remain separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive charter-only annual tax floor for an ordinary standard CIT domestic stock corporation. Thresholds and taxable income govern CIT; the $100 liability threshold must not be added as a mandatory fee.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation under the standard CIT regime, Michigan apportioned/allocated gross receipts below $350,000, and no Michigan taxable profit: $0 CIT. Excludes registry fees, legacy MBT elections, financial/insurance regimes, and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Michigan nexus can arise from physical presence, active solicitation with Michigan receipts, or interests in a flow-through entity with nexus. Business income and sales of unitary groups affect the base and single-sales-factor apportionment. Threshold eligibility must be tested using the tax-defined receipts and group, not a homepage revenue estimate.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Michigan Treasury: standard Corporate Income Tax base and 6% rate",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/taxes/business-taxes/cit/detail/corporate-tax-base",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Michigan Treasury: standard Corporate Income Tax base and 6% rate"
        },
        {
          "label": "Michigan Treasury: CIT filing/payment thresholds, nexus, apportionment, and separate industry taxes",
          "url": "https://www.michigan.gov/taxes/questions/cit",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Michigan Treasury: CIT filing/payment thresholds, nexus, apportionment, and separate industry taxes"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "MN",
      "incomeSummary": "Minnesota ordinary C-corporation franchise tax is 9.8% of Minnesota taxable income. A 5.8% alternative minimum tax on the alternative minimum taxable base can apply when it exceeds regular tax, subject to exemptions and adjustments; this is not a flat annual minimum.",
      "recurringSummary": "A separate 2026 minimum fee uses the sum of Minnesota property, payroll, and sales/receipts: below $1,280,000, $0; $1,280,000-$2,559,999, $260; $2,560,000-$12,829,999, $770; $12,830,000-$25,639,999, $2,560; $25,640,000-$51,279,999, $5,140; $51,280,000 or more, $12,830. RICs, REITs, and REMICs are exempt; federal P.L. 86-272 protection without a Minnesota filing requirement can also remove the fee. Report fees are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive universal domestic stock-corporation tax floor: the minimum fee is dependent on Minnesota property/payroll/sales and ordinary income/AMT depend on their tax bases. It is not an unconditional $260 charge. Registry/benefit-report fees are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation with Minnesota property plus payroll plus sales/receipts below $1,280,000 in 2026, zero Minnesota taxable income, and no taxable AMT base: $0 regular tax, AMT, and minimum fee. Excludes report and operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Minnesota nexus and tax-specific sourcing determine the income calculation. The minimum-fee sum can differ from the apportionment amounts and changes annually for inflation, so a low revenue figure alone does not establish the $0 tier. Income, minimum fee, and registry/benefit-report charges must be calculated separately.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Revenue: 2026 minimum-fee tiers, applicability, and exemptions",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.state.mn.us/minimum-fee",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Minnesota Revenue: 2026 minimum-fee tiers, applicability, and exemptions"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Revenue: corrected tax handbook, corporate franchise and AMT calculation",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/2026-06/2024-tax-handbook-online-post-publication-corrected.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Minnesota Revenue: corrected tax handbook, corporate franchise and AMT calculation"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Revenue: January 1, 2026 major tax rates",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/2026-02/2024-tax-handbook-supplement-final.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Minnesota Revenue: January 1, 2026 major tax rates"
        },
        {
          "label": "Minnesota Revenue: corporate franchise filing scope",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.state.mn.us/corporation-franchise-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Minnesota Revenue: corporate franchise filing scope"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "MO",
      "incomeSummary": "Missouri ordinary C-corporation income tax is a flat 4% of Missouri taxable income for tax years 2020 and later.",
      "recurringSummary": "The ordinary corporation franchise tax is no longer imposed for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2016. No surviving general fixed franchise/capital minimum applies to the ordinary civic/technology C corporation. Corporate registration-report charges remain separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive annual tax solely from ordinary domestic stock-corporation status: the franchise tax ended, and income tax follows Missouri taxable income. Registry fees and specialized industry taxes are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation operating in Missouri with zero Missouri taxable income after state modifications: $0 corporate income tax, with no ordinary franchise minimum. Excludes report fees and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Missouri taxable income starts with federal taxable income and state modifications, followed by applicable allocation/apportionment. Multistate corporations generally use the receipts factor for business income; nonapportionable income requires separate support. Corporate filing and registration duties can remain even when the tax computation is zero.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Missouri Revenue: corporate income rate, modifications, and receipts-factor apportionment",
          "url": "https://dor.mo.gov/faq/taxation/business/corporation-income.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Missouri Revenue: corporate income rate, modifications, and receipts-factor apportionment"
        },
        {
          "label": "Missouri Revisor: RSMo 147.010(1)(5), no ordinary franchise tax from 2016",
          "url": "https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=147.010",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Missouri Revisor: RSMo 147.010(1)(5), no ordinary franchise tax from 2016"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "ND",
      "incomeSummary": "North Dakota ordinary corporate income tax has marginal rates of 1.41% on the first $25,000, 3.55% on the next $25,000, and 4.31% above $50,000 of North Dakota taxable income. A water's-edge filing election adds a 3.5% surtax on North Dakota taxable income. The regular rates have remained unchanged since 2015.",
      "recurringSummary": "The ordinary civic/technology stock C corporation has no separate general fixed franchise/capital minimum in the current corporate income-tax computation. Tax follows North Dakota taxable income; bank taxation and Secretary of State annual report fees are separate. The water's-edge surtax is income-based, not a flat charge.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive charter-only annual minimum for an ordinary domestic stock C corporation in the cited current corporate tax regime. This excludes annual report charges and specialized financial-institution taxation.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation operating in North Dakota with no North Dakota taxable income after adjustments and apportionment: $0 regular corporate tax and no separate general franchise/capital minimum. Even an applicable water's-edge surtax has a zero taxable base in this scenario.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Corporations doing business in or earning North Dakota-source income generally file Form 40. State adjustments, allocation/apportionment, combined reporting, and filing elections affect taxable income. The usual apportionment is three-factor property/payroll/sales, with an elective single-sales-factor method; an incorporation-state comparison does not determine tax on actual operations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "North Dakota Tax Commissioner: current brackets, water's-edge surtax, and filing scope",
          "url": "https://www.tax.nd.gov/corporate-income-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "North Dakota Tax Commissioner: current brackets, water's-edge surtax, and filing scope"
        },
        {
          "label": "North Dakota Tax Commissioner: 2025 corporation income-tax instructions and calculation",
          "url": "https://www.tax.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/forms/business/corporate-income/2025-corp/28714-corp-income-tax-booklet-2025.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "North Dakota Tax Commissioner: 2025 corporation income-tax instructions and calculation"
        },
        {
          "label": "North Dakota Tax Commissioner: business tax guidance and apportionment elections",
          "url": "https://www.tax.nd.gov/sites/www/files/documents/news-center/publications/business-tax-incentives.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "North Dakota Tax Commissioner: business tax guidance and apportionment elections"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NE",
      "incomeSummary": "For tax years beginning in 2026, Nebraska ordinary corporate income tax is a flat 4.55% of Nebraska taxable income. The enacted rate becomes 3.99% for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2027; the 2025 rate was 5.20%.",
      "recurringSummary": "A domestic for-profit corporation registered on January 1 owes a biennial occupation tax in each even-numbered year. The minimum is $26 when paid-up capital stock is at most $10,000; higher capital produces a statutory tiered tax. $26 every two years is $13 per year only as an annualized comparison, not an annual bill. Ordinary income tax and report filing fees are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 13,
      "floorBasis": "Annualized $26 statutory minimum occupation tax every even-numbered year for a regular domestic for-profit stock corporation registered January 1; equivalent $13/year over a two-year cycle. It is not $13 due annually. Excludes registry/report fees, higher capital tiers, and income/operating taxes.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 13,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active domestic stock C corporation, paid-up capital at most $10,000 and no Nebraska taxable income: $26 occupation tax each even year, annualized to $13/year for comparison; $0 ordinary income tax. Excludes report fees and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Nebraska taxes the Nebraska-source portion of corporate taxable income. Multistate businesses generally use sales-only apportionment and unitary groups file combined returns. Financial-institution franchise tax is a separate industry regime. The occupation tax is a charter/registration obligation and is not eliminated by having no taxable income.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Revenue: 2026 corporation estimated-income-tax rate",
          "url": "https://revenue.nebraska.gov/files/doc/tax-forms/2025/f_1120N-ES.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nebraska Revenue: 2026 corporation estimated-income-tax rate"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Revenue: enacted 2025-2027 corporate rates",
          "url": "https://revenue.nebraska.gov/sites/default/files/doc/research/Revenue_Sources_2025.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nebraska Revenue: enacted 2025-2027 corporate rates"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Legislature: section 21-303 domestic occupation-tax schedule and even-year cadence",
          "url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=21-303",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nebraska Legislature: section 21-303 domestic occupation-tax schedule and even-year cadence"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nebraska Revenue: business income tax scope, combined reporting, and sales-only apportionment (rate examples on this FAQ are older)",
          "url": "https://revenue.nebraska.gov/about/frequently-asked-questions/business-income-tax-faqs",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nebraska Revenue: business income tax scope, combined reporting, and sales-only apportionment (rate examples on this FAQ are older)"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "OH",
      "incomeSummary": "Ohio no longer imposes the former state Corporation Franchise Tax: 2013 was the final report year. An ordinary corporation instead may face the Commercial Activity Tax on Ohio taxable gross receipts. Municipal net-profit income taxes are separate and can apply even when state CAT is zero.",
      "recurringSummary": "For 2025 and later, ordinary businesses with Ohio taxable gross receipts of $6 million or less are excluded from CAT. Above the $6 million annual exclusion, CAT is 0.26% of taxable gross receipts. The CAT annual minimum tax ended in 2024; there is no surviving ordinary state flat franchise/CAT minimum. Group aggregation can change eligibility.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive ordinary state charter-only tax floor after the corporation franchise tax and CAT annual minimum ended. CAT depends on receipts/nexus; municipal and other operating taxes and registry fees are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation with Ohio taxable gross receipts, including any required CAT group, at or below $6 million: $0 CAT and no former franchise/annual-minimum charge. This excludes local income taxes, report fees, and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "CAT measures receipts, so an income loss does not establish exemption. Ohio domicile or statutory bright-line presence can create nexus, while receipt sourcing and group aggregation determine the base/exclusion. Sales, employment, municipal net-profit, and other taxes require separate analysis. Active CAT accounts can have filing duties even below the exclusion.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Ohio Taxation: Corporation Franchise Tax ended after 2013",
          "url": "https://tax.ohio.gov/business/corporation-franchise-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Ohio Taxation: Corporation Franchise Tax ended after 2013"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio Taxation: CAT rate, 2025-forward exclusion, annual-minimum repeal, nexus, and group rules",
          "url": "https://tax.ohio.gov/business/commercial-activity-tax/commercial-activity-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Ohio Taxation: CAT rate, 2025-forward exclusion, annual-minimum repeal, nexus, and group rules"
        },
        {
          "label": "Ohio Taxation: separate municipal net-profit tax regime",
          "url": "https://tax.ohio.gov/business/municipal-net-profit-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Ohio Taxation: separate municipal net-profit tax regime"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "OK",
      "incomeSummary": "Oklahoma ordinary corporate income tax is a flat 4% of Oklahoma taxable income. Oklahoma-source income creates a corporate return requirement; the tax is not a flat incorporation payment.",
      "recurringSummary": "Oklahoma's corporation franchise tax was eliminated starting tax year 2024; tax year 2023 was the final franchise-tax year. Ordinary corporate income tax remains. There is no surviving general fixed franchise/capital minimum for the selected ordinary corporation, and any registry/permit charges are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive ordinary charter-only tax floor after franchise-tax elimination. Corporate income tax depends on Oklahoma taxable income. Registry/report charges and specialized industry or operating taxes are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic stock C corporation operating in Oklahoma with no Oklahoma taxable income after state adjustments: $0 ordinary corporate tax and no former franchise minimum. Excludes report/permit fees and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Actual Oklahoma-source income, state modifications, apportionment, and consolidated-return choices determine income tax. A corporation formed elsewhere can still owe Oklahoma tax on its Oklahoma operations. Sales/use, payroll, property, and activity-specific taxes are separate from the franchise-tax repeal.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Oklahoma Tax Commission: corporate income tax rate and Oklahoma-source filing scope",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/tax/businesses/other-taxes.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Oklahoma Tax Commission: corporate income tax rate and Oklahoma-source filing scope"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oklahoma Tax Commission: franchise-tax elimination and final 2023 returns",
          "url": "https://oklahoma.gov/tax/newsroom/2023/07-26-23.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Oklahoma Tax Commission: franchise-tax elimination and final 2023 returns"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "SD",
      "incomeSummary": "South Dakota does not impose a general corporate income tax. The ordinary civic/technology stock C corporation is outside the separately imposed bank franchise-tax regime.",
      "recurringSummary": "No general fixed corporate franchise/capital tax is identified for an ordinary domestic civic/technology corporation in South Dakota's tax regime. Bank franchise tax is restricted to covered financial institutions. Annual corporate report charges and activity-specific licenses are separate; no corporate income tax does not mean no business taxes.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive general state tax floor solely from ordinary domestic stock-corporation status. Scope excludes covered financial institutions, registry/report fees, industry licenses, and sales/employment/property taxes.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic civic/technology stock C corporation operating in South Dakota, outside bank/regulated-industry regimes: $0 general corporate income or franchise/capital minimum. Excludes report, sales/use, employment, property, and local charges.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "South Dakota taxes many products and services through state and municipal sales/use taxes, and a taxable business may need licensing even when no corporate income tax applies. Remote-seller and other nexus rules can apply to activity irrespective of charter state. Federal tax and taxes in other operating states remain separate.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "South Dakota Revenue: business tax regimes and no corporate income tax",
          "url": "https://dor.sd.gov/businesses/taxes/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "South Dakota Revenue: business tax regimes and no corporate income tax"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Dakota Revenue: bank franchise tax is for covered financial institutions",
          "url": "https://dor.sd.gov/businesses/taxes/bank-franchise-tax/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "South Dakota Revenue: bank franchise tax is for covered financial institutions"
        },
        {
          "label": "South Dakota Revenue: sales/use tax, municipal obligations, and nexus",
          "url": "https://dor.sd.gov/businesses/taxes/sales-use-tax/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "South Dakota Revenue: sales/use tax, municipal obligations, and nexus"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "TN",
      "incomeSummary": "Tennessee's ordinary excise tax is 6.5% of Tennessee taxable income. For tax years ending on or after December 31, 2024, taxpayers receive a standard deduction up to $50,000 of pre-apportioned adjusted net earnings; it cannot create or enlarge a net loss. Franchise tax is a separate net-worth tax.",
      "recurringSummary": "Franchise tax is 0.25% of Tennessee-apportioned net worth, with a $100 minimum for nonexempt entities incorporated, domesticated, qualified, or registered in Tennessee, whether active or inactive. The former property-value alternative minimum measure was repealed. Tennessee business tax also depends on taxable receipts/classification and has a $22 ordinary minimum for standard-license taxpayers; local minimal-activity licenses can renew for $15 each where receipts exceed $3,000 but are below $100,000.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 100,
      "floorBasis": "$100 annual franchise-tax minimum for a nonexempt domestic ordinary stock corporation in a regular year. Excludes excise tax above the earnings deduction, higher net-worth tax, conditional business tax/local license fees, registry/report fees, and penalties.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 100,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active nonexempt domestic C corporation with apportioned net worth at or below $40,000, no Tennessee taxable net earnings, and no standard business-license tax obligation: $100 franchise minimum. Below-$100,000 receipts remove ordinary business tax when correctly licensed; conditional $15 county/city minimal-activity license fees are outside this state-tax-only amount.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Franchise/excise registration, nexus, and apportionment matter independently of income. Ordinary apportioning taxpayers use single-sales-factor apportionment for tax years ending on or after December 31, 2025, subject to industry exceptions. Gross-receipts business tax and county/city licenses have separate sourcing, location, thresholds, and renewal rules; a zero-profit corporation can still owe these charges.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Revenue: registered-entity franchise/excise scope and $100 inactive/active minimum",
          "url": "https://www.tn.gov/revenue/taxes/franchise---excise-tax.html.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Tennessee Revenue: registered-entity franchise/excise scope and $100 inactive/active minimum"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Revenue: current franchise and excise tax rates",
          "url": "https://www.tn.gov/revenue/taxes/franchise---excise-tax/due-dates-and-tax-rates.html.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Tennessee Revenue: current franchise and excise tax rates"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Revenue: $50,000 standard excise deduction and pre-apportionment calculation",
          "url": "https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/revenue/documents/notices/fae/23-04fe.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Tennessee Revenue: $50,000 standard excise deduction and pre-apportionment calculation"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Revenue: current franchise/excise manual, property-measure repeal and apportionment transition",
          "url": "https://www.tn.gov/content/dam/tn/revenue/documents/tax_manuals/june-2025/Frachise-Excise-Tax-Manual.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Tennessee Revenue: current franchise/excise manual, property-measure repeal and apportionment transition"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Revenue: standard single-sales-factor formula from tax years ending December 31, 2025",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360058264151-F-E-Apportionment-9-Single-Sales-Factor-Apportionment-Three-Year-Phase-In",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Tennessee Revenue: standard single-sales-factor formula from tax years ending December 31, 2025"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Revenue: business-tax threshold and state/city scope",
          "url": "https://www.tn.gov/content/tn/revenue/taxes/business-tax.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Tennessee Revenue: business-tax threshold and state/city scope"
        },
        {
          "label": "Tennessee Revenue: minimal-activity/standard business licenses, $15 renewal and $22 minimum",
          "url": "https://revenue.support.tn.gov/hc/en-us/articles/360057134532-BUS-13-Business-Licenses-Overview",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Tennessee Revenue: minimal-activity/standard business licenses, $15 renewal and $22 minimum"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "TX",
      "incomeSummary": "Texas taxes the ordinary corporation through a franchise tax on apportioned taxable margin rather than a conventional corporate net-income tax. The applicable margin method and receipts thresholds therefore matter even when the corporation has no net profit.",
      "recurringSummary": "For 2026 and 2027 reports, the franchise no-tax-due threshold is annualized total revenue of $2,650,000 or less. Above it, standard rates are 0.75% of taxable margin, or 0.375% for qualifying retail/wholesale businesses. Eligible entities with revenue at most $20 million can elect EZ computation at 0.331%. No minimum franchise tax applies, and calculated tax below $1,000 is not payable, subject to special rules. PIR/OIR information reporting remains required below the revenue threshold.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive universal domestic-corporation franchise floor: the Comptroller states there is no minimum franchise tax, and liability is subject to revenue and tax-due thresholds. Excludes registry/info-report fees, specialized rules, and other operating taxes.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation with annualized total revenue from its entire business, including any required combined group, at or below $2,650,000 for its 2026/2027 report: $0 franchise tax. PIR/OIR remains required. Excludes other operating taxes and fees.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Texas formation itself brings an ordinary taxable entity into franchise-tax scope. Multistate taxable margin uses Texas receipt apportionment; foreign entities can also have physical or economic nexus. Threshold revenue is total annualized revenue, not just Texas receipts, and combined-group rules can change eligibility. Sales/use, employment, and local/industry taxes remain separate.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Texas Comptroller: current 2026/2027 franchise rates and thresholds",
          "url": "https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/franchise/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Texas Comptroller: current 2026/2027 franchise rates and thresholds"
        },
        {
          "label": "Texas Comptroller: 2026 franchise instructions, margin calculation, no minimum, and reporting",
          "url": "https://comptroller.texas.gov/forms/05-915.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Texas Comptroller: 2026 franchise instructions, margin calculation, no minimum, and reporting"
        },
        {
          "label": "Texas Comptroller: no-tax-due and under-$1,000 payment/report rules",
          "url": "https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/franchise/faq/reports-payments.php",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Texas Comptroller: no-tax-due and under-$1,000 payment/report rules"
        },
        {
          "label": "Texas Comptroller: foreign-entity economic nexus",
          "url": "https://comptroller.texas.gov/taxes/sales/remote-sellers.php",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Texas Comptroller: foreign-entity economic nexus"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "WI",
      "incomeSummary": "Wisconsin imposes either corporate franchise tax or corporate income tax at 7.9% of Wisconsin taxable net income; the two are alternatives, not additive taxes. Domestic corporations with nonexempt income are generally under the franchise-tax version, which is income-based despite its name.",
      "recurringSummary": "No general flat franchise/capital minimum applies to the small ordinary corporation. Covered corporations with at least $4 million in gross receipts from all activities and Wisconsin business activity owe an economic-development surcharge: for ordinary C corporations, 3% of gross Wisconsin tax liability, at least $25 and at most $9,800. The conditional $25 minimum is not universal. Corporate annual report fees are separate.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "No positive charter-only annual tax floor for an ordinary small domestic stock C corporation. Income-based franchise tax and receipt/activity-dependent surcharge must be calculated; annual report and other operating charges are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Small active ordinary domestic C corporation with zero Wisconsin taxable net income and gross receipts from all activities below $4 million: $0 franchise/income tax and no economic-development surcharge. Excludes registry/report fees and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Domestic/licensed corporations generally file even without business activity, subject to exemptions. Wisconsin nexus, state income adjustments, allocation/apportionment, and combined reporting determine tax. Surcharge eligibility counts receipts from all activities and is evaluated for the covered corporation; a loss alone does not remove the $25 conditional minimum once eligible.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin Revenue: 7.9% franchise/income alternatives, filing requirements, and surcharge eligibility",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/faqs/ise-crpginfo.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Wisconsin Revenue: 7.9% franchise/income alternatives, filing requirements, and surcharge eligibility"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin Revenue: January 2026 combined-filer guidance and C-corporation surcharge calculation",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/Pages/FAQS/ise-combrptx.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Wisconsin Revenue: January 2026 combined-filer guidance and C-corporation surcharge calculation"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wisconsin Revenue: economic-development surcharge overview",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.wi.gov/DORReports/25sumrpt.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Wisconsin Revenue: economic-development surcharge overview"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "AK",
      "incomeSummary": "Corporate net income tax uses graduated marginal rates from 0% to 9.4% on Alaska taxable income: no regular tax below $25,000 and 9.4% on income above $222,000. Alternative minimum tax and special industry rules can apply.",
      "recurringSummary": "An ordinary business operating in Alaska needs a $50 annual state business license ($100 for two years), separate from the corporation's biennial registry report. License exemptions are activity-specific; sole-proprietor senior/veteran discounts do not establish a corporate discount.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "Formation alone is not treated as proof of licensable Alaska business activity. The $50 operating license is sourced; registry fees and variable taxes are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 50,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic C corporation operating a general business in Alaska, one business name, regular license renewal year. Includes $50 state business license only; excludes registry charges and income, alternative minimum, payroll, property and local taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Alaska-source income and nexus matter. Multistate corporations allocate/apportion income; incorporation elsewhere does not remove Alaska operating taxes. Other operating states can also impose taxes.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Alaska DOR, 2025 Form 6000 instructions, revised January 1, 2026: rate table and multistate rules",
          "url": "https://tax.alaska.gov/programs/documentviewer/viewer.aspx?7531f",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Alaska DOR, 2025 Form 6000 instructions, revised January 1, 2026: rate table and multistate rules"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alaska Legislature, AS 43.20.011: corporate income rate schedule",
          "url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=43.20.011&secEnd=43.20.011",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Alaska Legislature, AS 43.20.011: corporate income rate schedule"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alaska Commerce, business license application and renewal fees",
          "url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/cbpl/BusinessLicensing/BusinessLicensingFormsFees",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Alaska Commerce, business license application and renewal fees"
        },
        {
          "label": "Alaska Commerce, business licensing statutes and regulations: ordinary fee and exceptions",
          "url": "https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/portals/5/pub/BusinessLicenseStatutes.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Alaska Commerce, business licensing statutes and regulations: ordinary fee and exceptions"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "AZ",
      "incomeSummary": "General C-corporation income tax is the greater of 4.9% of Arizona taxable net income or $50. The minimum applies to corporations required to file an Arizona return; S-corporation and exempt-entity rules differ.",
      "recurringSummary": "The $50 annual corporate income-tax minimum is separate from registry annual-report and benefit-report charges. It is a tax-return minimum, not a formation fee.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "The agency and statute establish $50 for corporations required to file; this field does not assert that mere incorporation, without examining tax applicability, independently triggers it. Registry fees are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 50,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic C corporation actually operating in Arizona, required to file, no taxable net profit, no special exemption or credit assumption. Includes $50 corporate minimum; excludes registry fees and variable operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "A multistate corporation allocates and apportions income attributable to Arizona. Nexus, federal protections and classification affect filing; formation in another state does not remove Arizona business obligations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Arizona Legislature, A.R.S. 43-1111: 4.9% rate and $50 minimum",
          "url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/43/01111.htm",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Arizona Legislature, A.R.S. 43-1111: 4.9% rate and $50 minimum"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona DOR, Form 120: minimum for corporations required to file",
          "url": "https://azdor.gov/forms/corporate-tax-forms/arizona-corporation-income-tax-return",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Arizona DOR, Form 120: minimum for corporations required to file"
        },
        {
          "label": "Arizona DOR, 2025 Form 120 instructions: classification and apportionment",
          "url": "https://azdor.gov/sites/default/files/document/FORMS_CORPORATE_2025_120_i.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Arizona DOR, 2025 Form 120 instructions: classification and apportionment"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "CA",
      "incomeSummary": "Ordinary C corporations pay 8.84% on California taxable income, subject to the $800 franchise minimum. First-year income remains taxable at 8.84% even when the minimum is waived. Benefit corporations remain corporations; benefit status does not itself establish tax exemption.",
      "recurringSummary": "Corporations incorporated, registered or doing business in California generally owe at least $800 annually, including inactive or loss-making corporations. Newly incorporated or qualified corporations are exempt from the minimum for their first taxable year; the limited 15-day/no-business exception also applies.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 800,
      "floorBasis": "Regular taxable years after the first, ordinary domestic C corporation without a special statutory exemption. $800 franchise minimum; separate registry statement fees and variable taxes excluded. This is not a first-year charge.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 800,
      "scenarioBasis": "Regular operating year after the first taxable year, domestic ordinary C corporation, no taxable profit and no special exemption. Includes $800 franchise minimum; excludes registry and variable taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "California-source income, registration and doing-business nexus can create obligations for corporations formed elsewhere. Multistate income is allocated/apportioned; an out-of-state charter does not avoid California operating tax.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "California FTB, C corporations: 8.84%, $800, first-year and short-year exceptions",
          "url": "https://www.ftb.ca.gov/file/business/types/corporations/c-corporations.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "California FTB, C corporations: 8.84%, $800, first-year and short-year exceptions"
        },
        {
          "label": "California FTB Publication 1060: first year and subsequent franchise minimum",
          "url": "https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/misc/1060.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "California FTB Publication 1060: first year and subsequent franchise minimum"
        },
        {
          "label": "California FTB Publication 1123: benefit corporations, nonprofit distinction and corporate taxation",
          "url": "https://www.ftb.ca.gov/forms/misc/1123.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "California FTB Publication 1123: benefit corporations, nonprofit distinction and corporate taxation"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "CO",
      "incomeSummary": "Colorado's statutory corporate income-tax rate is 4.4% of Colorado taxable income; temporary tax-year reductions can apply. The agency lists 4.4% for 2025 and 4.25% for 2024. The general calculation has no fixed corporate minimum.",
      "recurringSummary": "No additional fixed general corporate-income minimum is identified in the ordinary taxable-income calculation. Annual registry fees are separate; positive income and other taxable activities can produce tax.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 0,
      "floorBasis": "No fixed minimum in the general C-corporation income calculation; $0 excludes registry fees and variable income/operating taxes. It does not mean no filing or tax obligations.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic C corporation operating in Colorado with no Colorado taxable net income. No fixed corporate-income minimum added; registry fees and all variable operating taxes excluded. The rate is not used to estimate tax.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Doing business and Colorado-source income create nexus. Multistate allocation/apportionment and combined-return rules apply; the state of incorporation is not the sole tax jurisdiction.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Colorado DOR, Corporate Income Tax Guide: taxable-income calculation, tax-year rates, nexus and apportionment",
          "url": "https://tax.colorado.gov/corporate-income-tax-guide",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Colorado DOR, Corporate Income Tax Guide: taxable-income calculation, tax-year rates, nexus and apportionment"
        },
        {
          "label": "Colorado General Assembly, corporate income tax: current statutory 4.40% rate",
          "url": "https://content.leg.colorado.gov/agencies/legislative-council-staff/corporate-income-tax%C2%A0",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Colorado General Assembly, corporate income tax: current statutory 4.40% rate"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "HI",
      "incomeSummary": "Corporate income tax has marginal brackets of 4.4% up to $25,000, 5.4% from $25,000 to $100,000 and 6.4% above $100,000; a 4% capital-gain alternative can apply. Separately, GET taxes gross receipts even without profit: the agency currently lists 4.5% for most retail/services, including a 0.5% county surcharge, and 0.5% for qualifying wholesale/production activity.",
      "recurringSummary": "No fixed annual minimum appears in the general corporate-income computation. GET is variable and may be due on low receipts despite an income-tax loss. The general GET license costs $20 once at registration, not annually.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 0,
      "floorBasis": "No fixed annual amount in ordinary corporate-income/GET calculations. Excludes registry fees, variable GET and the one-time $20 GET license; not a zero-tax statement.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Fixed yearly baseline only, ordinary domestic C corporation. Variable GET on business receipts can be positive even with zero profit and is excluded from this figure; no annual GET-license renewal charge is included. The $20 registration fee is one-time.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Hawaii-source income, physical/economic nexus, allocation/apportionment and GET sourcing matter. Formation elsewhere does not remove taxes on Hawaii activities; the GET rate depends on activity and applicable county surcharge.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Hawaii DOTAX, 2025 Form N-30 instructions: corporate brackets and capital gains",
          "url": "https://files.hawaii.gov/tax/forms/current/n30ins.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Hawaii DOTAX, 2025 Form N-30 instructions: corporate brackets and capital gains"
        },
        {
          "label": "Hawaii DOTAX, General Excise Tax information: gross receipts, activity rates and nexus",
          "url": "https://tax.hawaii.gov/get/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Hawaii DOTAX, General Excise Tax information: gross receipts, activity rates and nexus"
        },
        {
          "label": "Hawaii DOTAX, licensing information: one-time $20 GET license",
          "url": "https://tax.hawaii.gov/geninfo/licensing/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Hawaii DOTAX, licensing information: one-time $20 GET license"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "ID",
      "incomeSummary": "The general corporate income/franchise rate is 5.3% for tax years beginning January 1, 2025 or later. Ordinary corporations generally owe at least $20 before credits, plus a separate $10 permanent building fund tax; corporate income and franchise taxes are alternatives, not cumulative.",
      "recurringSummary": "$20 corporate minimum plus $10 PBF gives a $30 ordinary no-credit annual baseline. Registered inactive/nameholder corporations are generally included. Specified exceptions, including Public Law 86-272 protection, and allowed credits can affect liability.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 30,
      "floorBasis": "Ordinary registered domestic C corporation required to file, no statutory exception or tax credit assumed: $20 minimum + $10 PBF. Registry fees and variable tax above the minimum are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 30,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic C corporation operating in Idaho, no taxable profit, no credit or special exemption. Includes both $20 corporate minimum and $10 PBF; excludes registry and variable operating taxes. Do not add another $10 if PBF has already been counted separately.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Doing business, registration or Idaho-source income can trigger filing. Multistate income is allocated/apportioned; narrow federal protections and special sales-only elections require their own analysis.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Idaho Legislature, current Code 63-3025: 5.3% from 2025 onward and $20 minimum",
          "url": "https://legislature.idaho.gov/statutesrules/idstat/Title63/T63CH30/SECT63-3025/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Idaho Legislature, current Code 63-3025: 5.3% from 2025 onward and $20 minimum"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho Tax Commission, 2025 Form 41 and instructions: $20 minimum, $10 PBF, credits and exceptions",
          "url": "https://tax.idaho.gov/document-mngr/forms_EFO00025/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Idaho Tax Commission, 2025 Form 41 and instructions: $20 minimum, $10 PBF, credits and exceptions"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho Tax Commission, business income basics: 5.3% and PBF",
          "url": "https://tax.idaho.gov/taxes/income-tax/business-income/online-guide/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Idaho Tax Commission, business income basics: 5.3% and PBF"
        },
        {
          "label": "Idaho Tax Commission, corporations: registration, inactivity, nexus and alternative income/franchise taxation",
          "url": "https://tax.idaho.gov/taxes/income-tax/business-income/guides-for-certain-businesses/income-tax-for-corporations/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Idaho Tax Commission, corporations: registration, inactivity, nexus and alternative income/franchise taxation"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "MT",
      "incomeSummary": "General corporate income tax is 6.75% of Montana taxable income with a $50 minimum for corporations having Montana activity. A water's-edge election uses 7%; a qualifying sales-only corporation can elect a 0.5% gross-sales alternative.",
      "recurringSummary": "The $50 corporate minimum applies to ordinary C corporations with Montana activity, including loss years. The agency permits an affidavit of inactivity when there is no business activity; formation alone is not modeled as an unavoidable $50 charge.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "The sourced $50 is an activity-based corporate minimum, subject to the qualifying gross-sales alternative, rather than an unconditional incorporation-only floor. Registry fees are excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 50,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic C corporation operating in Montana, no taxable profit, standard tax method and no special exception/credit. Includes $50 minimum; excludes registry fees and variable tax.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Montana business activity and nexus determine filing. Multistate allocation/apportionment and combined reporting matter; the gross-sales alternative has sales-only, property and receipts conditions.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Montana DOR, corporate income tax: 6.75%, 7%, 0.5%, $50 and inactivity",
          "url": "https://www.revenue.mt.gov/taxes/corporate-income-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Montana DOR, corporate income tax: 6.75%, 7%, 0.5%, $50 and inactivity"
        },
        {
          "label": "Montana DOR, 2025 Form CIT instructions: minimum per corporation with activity and alternative tax",
          "url": "https://revenue.mt.gov/files/Forms/Montana-Form-CIT-Instructions/2025_Montana_Form_CIT_Instructions.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Montana DOR, 2025 Form CIT instructions: minimum per corporation with activity and alternative tax"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NM",
      "incomeSummary": "Corporate income tax is a flat 5.9% of New Mexico taxable income from 2025, replacing the prior brackets. Separately, gross receipts tax can apply to sales/services regardless of profit, with location-specific combined rates and statutory deductions/exemptions.",
      "recurringSummary": "A corporation having or exercising its New Mexico franchise owes $50 annual franchise tax, even when inactive or owing no corporate income tax. The $50 is separate from income tax and variable GRT.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 50,
      "floorBasis": "Ordinary domestic corporation having its franchise in New Mexico, no special statutory exemption. $50 annual franchise tax; registry fees and variable income/GRT excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 50,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic C corporation operating in New Mexico, no taxable profit. Includes $50 franchise charge only. Variable GRT on receipts may be positive despite no profit and is excluded, along with registry and other operating taxes.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "New Mexico-source income and nexus determine income/GRT obligations. Multistate apportionment and GRT sourcing differ; an out-of-state formation does not remove tax on New Mexico operations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "New Mexico TRD, corporate income and franchise overview: $50 even inactive",
          "url": "https://www.tax.newmexico.gov/businesses/corporate-income-franchise-tax-overview/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Mexico TRD, corporate income and franchise overview: $50 even inactive"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Mexico Legislature, enacted HB252, sections 10 and 42-43: flat 5.9% corporate income rate from 2025",
          "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/24%20Regular/final/HB0252.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Mexico Legislature, enacted HB252, sections 10 and 42-43: flat 5.9% corporate income rate from 2025"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Mexico Legislature, HB252 enactment record: Chapter 67, March 6, 2024",
          "url": "https://www.nmlegis.gov/Legislation/Legislation?chamber=H&legNo=252&legType=B&year=24",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Mexico Legislature, HB252 enactment record: Chapter 67, March 6, 2024"
        },
        {
          "label": "New Mexico TRD, gross receipts overview: taxable activities, sourcing and current rate schedules",
          "url": "https://www.tax.newmexico.gov/businesses/gross-receipts-overview/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "New Mexico TRD, gross receipts overview: taxable activities, sourcing and current rate schedules"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "NV",
      "incomeSummary": "Nevada has no general corporate net-income tax. Commerce Tax applies to Nevada gross revenue above $4 million per fiscal year, at industry rates of 0.051%-0.331%. General-business Modified Business Tax is 1.17% on quarterly wages above $50,000 after applicable health-benefit deductions; filing can still be required below the threshold.",
      "recurringSummary": "Corporations generally pay a $500 state business license annually. This license is filed with the annual list but is expressly additional to the annual-list fee; the absence of corporate income tax does not remove this charge.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 500,
      "floorBasis": "Ordinary domestic corporation maintaining its state business license, no applicable exemption. $500 annual license; annual-list registry fee and variable tax excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 500,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic corporation, regular renewal year, Nevada receipts below $4 million and general-business quarterly net wages no more than $50,000. Includes $500 business license additional to registry list fees; excludes variable taxes and local licenses.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Nevada-sourced gross revenue, industry classification and Nevada payroll matter. Other operating states can tax apportioned income even though Nevada itself has no corporate income tax.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Nevada SOS, business license FAQ: $500 corporations, annual renewal and separate list fee",
          "url": "https://nvsos.gov/sos/licensing/state-business-license/state-business-license-faq",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nevada SOS, business license FAQ: $500 corporations, annual renewal and separate list fee"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nevada DOR, Commerce Tax: $4 million Nevada revenue threshold",
          "url": "https://tax.nv.gov/tax-types/commerce-tax/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nevada DOR, Commerce Tax: $4 million Nevada revenue threshold"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nevada DOR, Commerce Tax instructions, V2025.1: industry rate chart",
          "url": "https://tax.nv.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Commerce-Tax-Return-Instructions-6-2023.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nevada DOR, Commerce Tax instructions, V2025.1: industry rate chart"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nevada DOR, Modified Business Tax: current 1.17% rate and $50,000 wage exemption",
          "url": "https://tax.nv.gov/tax-types/modified-business-tax/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nevada DOR, Modified Business Tax: current 1.17% rate and $50,000 wage exemption"
        },
        {
          "label": "Nevada Governor's Office of Economic Development, no corporate income tax",
          "url": "https://goed.nv.gov/doing-business-nevada/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Nevada Governor's Office of Economic Development, no corporate income tax"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "OR",
      "incomeSummary": "Corporate income/excise tax is 6.6% on the first $1 million of Oregon taxable income and 7.6% above it. Excise filers pay the greater of calculated tax or a sales-tier minimum. CAT is additional: $250 plus 0.57% above $1 million of taxable Oregon commercial activity, subject to exclusions and the permitted cost subtraction.",
      "recurringSummary": "For an ordinary C-corporation excise filer, minimum tax is $150 with Oregon sales below $500,000, rising to $100,000 at $100 million or more. Income-only filers do not owe this minimum. Registration alone does not create a tax return requirement. Benefit-company designation does not change tax status.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": null,
      "floorBasis": "The $150 is the lowest operating excise-tax tier, not an incorporation-only obligation; an inactive registered corporation without Oregon business or source income need not file. Registry fees excluded.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 150,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic C corporation actually doing business in Oregon, excise filer, Oregon sales below $500,000, no taxable profit. Includes $150 minimum; CAT below its payment threshold, registry fees and variable taxes excluded.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Doing business determines excise status; Oregon-source income can trigger income tax instead. Multistate apportionment, Oregon sales and CAT activity are separate bases; registration is not a substitute for this analysis.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Oregon DOR, corporation excise/income tax: rates, registration and inactive-corporation rules",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/dor/programs/businesses/Pages/corp-requirements.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Oregon DOR, corporation excise/income tax: rates, registration and inactive-corporation rules"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon Legislature, ORS 317.090: $150-$100,000 sales-tier minimum",
          "url": "https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors317.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Oregon Legislature, ORS 317.090: $150-$100,000 sales-tier minimum"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon DOR, Corporate Activity Tax: additional tax and thresholds",
          "url": "https://www.oregon.gov/dor/programs/businesses/Pages/corporate-activity-tax.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Oregon DOR, Corporate Activity Tax: additional tax and thresholds"
        },
        {
          "label": "Oregon SOS, benefit company FAQ: designation does not affect tax status",
          "url": "https://sos.oregon.gov/business/register/pages/benefit-company-faq.aspx",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Oregon SOS, benefit company FAQ: designation does not affect tax status"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "UT",
      "incomeSummary": "Corporate franchise/income tax is 4.45% of Utah taxable income for tax years beginning January 1, 2026 or later, with a $100 minimum. The 2026 change replaces 4.5%; taxable income and multistate apportionment determine amounts above the minimum.",
      "recurringSummary": "Every ordinary C corporation incorporated, qualified or doing business in Utah must file TC-20 and pay at least $100, even when it does not exercise its right to do business.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 100,
      "floorBasis": "Ordinary nonexempt domestic C corporation under Utah's annual corporate franchise tax. $100 minimum, excluding registry fees and variable tax above the minimum.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 100,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic C corporation, regular operating year, no Utah taxable profit and no special statutory exemption. Includes $100 annual minimum; registry fees and variable taxes excluded.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Incorporation, qualification or doing-business nexus creates filing obligations. Multistate allocation/apportionment determines Utah taxable income; forming elsewhere does not remove Utah operating obligations.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Utah current Code 59-7-104, effective January 1, 2026: 4.45% and $100",
          "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title59/Chapter7/C59-7-S104_2026050620260506.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Utah current Code 59-7-104, effective January 1, 2026: 4.45% and $100"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah current Code 59-7-201, effective January 1, 2026: corporate income tax",
          "url": "https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title59/Chapter7/C59-7-S201_2026050620260506.html",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Utah current Code 59-7-201, effective January 1, 2026: corporate income tax"
        },
        {
          "label": "Utah Tax Commission, C-corporation filing and $100 privilege minimum",
          "url": "https://tax.utah.gov/business/corporate-income-tax/c-corp-tax/",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Utah Tax Commission, C-corporation filing and $100 privilege minimum"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "WA",
      "incomeSummary": "Washington has no general corporate net-income tax, but B&O taxes gross business receipts without expense deductions. Current major rates include 0.471% retailing, 0.484% manufacturing/wholesaling and 1.5% services below $1 million prior-year income, 1.75% from $1 million to under $5 million, and 2.1% at $5 million or more. Classification and other taxes matter.",
      "recurringSummary": "B&O has no flat general corporate annual minimum; qualifying small businesses receive a credit against calculated tax. Annual registry fees, local B&O and business-license endorsements are separate. Zero taxable profit does not imply zero B&O.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 0,
      "floorBasis": "No fixed general corporate-income/B&O annual charge added. Registry fees and all variable receipts, sales, payroll, property and local taxes excluded; this is not a no-tax claim.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Fixed yearly baseline only, ordinary domestic corporation. Variable B&O is excluded; the small-business credit may eliminate it at sufficiently low activity, depending on classification and reporting period. State/city license endorsements, registry charges and sales/payroll taxes are excluded.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "Washington nexus and receipts sourcing/apportionment govern B&O. Services, digital products and retail activities can fall under different classifications; an out-of-state charter does not remove Washington tax on business activity.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Washington DOR, forms/publications: no corporate income tax",
          "url": "https://dor.wa.gov/forms-publications",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Washington DOR, forms/publications: no corporate income tax"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOR, B&O tax: gross receipts and no expense deduction",
          "url": "https://dor.wa.gov/taxes-rates/business-occupation-tax",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Washington DOR, B&O tax: gross receipts and no expense deduction"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOR, current B&O classifications and rates",
          "url": "https://dor.wa.gov/taxes-rates/business-occupation-tax/business-occupation-tax-classifications",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Washington DOR, current B&O classifications and rates"
        },
        {
          "label": "Washington DOR, small-business B&O credit: maximum monthly credit by classification",
          "url": "https://dor.wa.gov/forms-publications/publications-subject/special-notices/business-and-occupation-tax-credit-increase-small-businesses",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Washington DOR, small-business B&O credit: maximum monthly credit by classification"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "code": "WY",
      "incomeSummary": "Wyoming has no corporate income tax. Its annual-report license tax is based on Wyoming assets, not net income: the greater of $60 or 0.0002 times assets located and employed in Wyoming.",
      "recurringSummary": "The $60 minimum annual-report license tax applies with Wyoming assets up to $300,000; larger Wyoming assets increase it. This is the same charge already represented by the annual-report fee, so adding another $60 tax would double-count it.",
      "formationAnnualTaxFloor": 0,
      "floorBasis": "Additional amount after excluding registry annual-report charges is $0. The corporation still owes the $60 minimum license tax through that annual report; this field is not total annual cost.",
      "scenarioMinimum": 0,
      "scenarioBasis": "Ordinary domestic corporation with Wyoming assets no more than $300,000. $60 license tax is already counted in regularReport, so the additional tax component is $0. Variable asset excess, payment convenience fees and other operating taxes excluded.",
      "operatingTaxCaution": "The license base uses assets located and employed in Wyoming. Operations, employees or sales in other states can create income and other tax nexus there despite Wyoming's lack of corporate income tax.",
      "sources": [
        {
          "label": "Wyoming SOS FAQ: annual reports, license-tax formula and $300,000 breakpoint",
          "url": "https://sos.wyo.gov/faqs.aspx?root=BUS",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Wyoming SOS FAQ: annual reports, license-tax formula and $300,000 breakpoint"
        },
        {
          "label": "Wyoming SOS annual-report worksheet: filing charge is the license tax",
          "url": "https://sos.wyo.gov/forms/business/general/arworksheet.pdf",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "Wyoming SOS annual-report worksheet: filing charge is the license tax"
        },
        {
          "label": "State of Wyoming, About Wyoming: no corporate income tax",
          "url": "https://www.wyo.gov/about-wyoming",
          "checked": "2026-10-11",
          "section": "State of Wyoming, About Wyoming: no corporate income tax"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}